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Databricks Certified Generative AI Engineer Associate Sample Questions (Q11-Q16):

NEW QUESTION # 11
A Generative Al Engineer has developed an LLM application to answer questions about internal company policies. The Generative AI Engineer must ensure that the application doesn't hallucinate or leak confidential data.
Which approach should NOT be used to mitigate hallucination or confidential data leakage?

A. Use a strong system prompt to ensure the model aligns with your needs.
B. Fine-tune the model on your data, hoping it will learn what is appropriate and not
C. Add guardrails to filter outputs from the LLM before it is shown to the user
D. Limit the data available based on the user's access level

Answer: B

Explanation:
When addressing concerns of hallucination and data leakage in an LLM application for internal company policies, fine-tuning the model on internal data with the hope it learns data boundaries can be problematic:
* Risk of Data Leakage: Fine-tuning on sensitive or confidential data does not guarantee that the model will not inadvertently include or reference this data in its outputs. There's a risk of overfitting to the specific data details, which might lead to unintended leakage.
* Hallucination: Fine-tuning does not necessarily mitigate the model's tendency to hallucinate; in fact, it might exacerbate it if the training data is not comprehensive or representative of all potential queries.
Better Approaches:
* A,C, andDinvolve setting up operational safeguards and constraints that directly address data leakage and ensure responses are aligned with specific user needs and security levels.
Fine-tuning lacks the targeted control needed for such sensitive applications and can introduce new risks, making it an unsuitable approach in this context.

NEW QUESTION # 12
A Generative Al Engineer is tasked with improving the RAG quality by addressing its inflammatory outputs.
Which action would be most effective in mitigating the problem of offensive text outputs?

A. Curate upstream data properly that includes manual review before it is fed into the RAG system
B. Inform the user of the expected RAG behavior
C. Increase the frequency of upstream data updates
D. Restrict access to the data sources to a limited number of users

Answer: A

Explanation:
Addressing offensive or inflammatory outputs in a Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) system is critical for improving user experience and ensuring ethical AI deployment. Here's whyDis the most effective approach:
* Manual data curation: The root cause of offensive outputs often comes from the underlying data used to train the model or populate the retrieval system. By manually curating the upstream data and conducting thorough reviews before the data is fed into the RAG system, the engineer can filter out harmful, offensive, or inappropriate content.
* Improving data quality: Curating data ensures the system retrieves and generates responses from a high-quality, well-vetted dataset. This directly impacts the relevance and appropriateness of the outputs from the RAG system, preventing inflammatory content from being included in responses.
* Effectiveness: This strategy directly tackles the problem at its source (the data) rather than just mitigating the consequences (such as informing users or restricting access). It ensures that the system consistently provides non-offensive, relevant information.
Other options, such as increasing the frequency of data updates or informing users about behavior expectations, may not directly mitigate the generation of inflammatory outputs.

NEW QUESTION # 13
A Generative AI Engineer is tasked with deploying an application that takes advantage of a custom MLflow Pyfunc model to return some interim results.
How should they configure the endpoint to pass the secrets and credentials?

A. Pass the secrets in plain text
B. Add credentials using environment variables
C. Use spark.conf.set ()
D. Pass variables using the Databricks Feature Store API

Answer: B

Explanation:
Context: Deploying an application that uses an MLflow Pyfunc model involves managing sensitive information such as secrets and credentials securely.
Explanation of Options:
* Option A: Use spark.conf.set(): While this method can pass configurations within Spark jobs, using it for secrets is not recommended because it may expose them in logs or Spark UI.
* Option B: Pass variables using the Databricks Feature Store API: The Feature Store API is designed for managing features for machine learning, not for handling secrets or credentials.
* Option C: Add credentials using environment variables: This is a common practice for managing credentials in a secure manner, as environment variables can be accessed securely by applications without exposing them in the codebase.
* Option D: Pass the secrets in plain text: This is highly insecure and not recommended, as it exposes sensitive information directly in the code.
Therefore,Option Cis the best method for securely passing secrets and credentials to an application, protecting them from exposure.

NEW QUESTION # 14
A Generative Al Engineer has successfully ingested unstructured documents and chunked them by document sections. They would like to store the chunks in a Vector Search index. The current format of the dataframe has two columns: (i) original document file name (ii) an array of text chunks for each document.
What is the most performant way to store this dataframe?

A. Store each chunk as an independent JSON file in Unity Catalog Volume. For each JSON file, the key is the document section name and the value is the array of text chunks for that section
B. Flatten the dataframe to one chunk per row, create a unique identifier for each row, and save to a Delta table
C. Split the data into train and test set, create a unique identifier for each document, then save to a Delta table
D. First create a unique identifier for each document, then save to a Delta table

Answer: B

Explanation:
* Problem Context: The engineer needs an efficient way to store chunks of unstructured documents to facilitate easy retrieval and search. The current dataframe consists of document filenames and associated text chunks.
* Explanation of Options:
* Option A: Splitting into train and test sets is more relevant for model training scenarios and not directly applicable to storage for retrieval in a Vector Search index.
* Option B: Flattening the dataframe such that each row contains a single chunk with a unique identifier is the most performant for storage and retrieval. This structure aligns well with how data is indexed and queried in vector search applications, making it easier to retrieve specific chunks efficiently.
* Option C: Creating a unique identifier for each document only does not address the need to access individual chunks efficiently, which is critical in a Vector Search application.
* Option D: Storing each chunk as an independent JSON file creates unnecessary overhead and complexity in managing and querying large volumes of files.
OptionBis the most efficient and practical approach, allowing for streamlined indexing and retrieval processes in a Delta table environment, fitting the requirements of a Vector Search index.

NEW QUESTION # 15
A Generative Al Engineer has created a RAG application to look up answers to questions about a series of fantasy novels that are being asked on the author's web forum. The fantasy novel texts are chunked and embedded into a vector store with metadata (page number, chapter number, book title), retrieved with the user' s query, and provided to an LLM for response generation. The Generative AI Engineer used their intuition to pick the chunking strategy and associated configurations but now wants to more methodically choose the best values.
Which TWO strategies should the Generative AI Engineer take to optimize their chunking strategy and parameters? (Choose two.)

A. Change embedding models and compare performance.
B. Create an LLM-as-a-judge metric to evaluate how well previous questions are answered by the most appropriate chunk. Optimize the chunking parameters based upon the values of the metric.
C. Add a classifier for user queries that predicts which book will best contain the answer. Use this to filter retrieval.
D. Choose an appropriate evaluation metric (such as recall or NDCG) and experiment with changes in the chunking strategy, such as splitting chunks by paragraphs or chapters.
Choose the strategy that gives the best performance metric.
E. Pass known questions and best answers to an LLM and instruct the LLM to provide the best token count. Use a summary statistic (mean, median, etc.) of the best token counts to choose chunk size.

Answer: B,D

Explanation:
To optimize a chunking strategy for a Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) application, the Generative AI Engineer needs a structured approach to evaluating the chunking strategy, ensuring that the chosen configuration retrieves the most relevant information and leads to accurate and coherent LLM responses.
Here's whyCandEare the correct strategies:
Strategy C: Evaluation Metrics (Recall, NDCG)
* Define an evaluation metric: Common evaluation metrics such as recall, precision, or NDCG (Normalized Discounted Cumulative Gain) measure how well the retrieved chunks match the user's query and the expected response.
* Recallmeasures the proportion of relevant information retrieved.
* NDCGis often used when you want to account for both the relevance of retrieved chunks and the ranking or order in which they are retrieved.
* Experiment with chunking strategies: Adjusting chunking strategies based on text structure (e.g., splitting by paragraph, chapter, or a fixed number of tokens) allows the engineer to experiment with various ways of slicing the text. Some chunks may better align with the user's query than others.
* Evaluate performance: By using recall or NDCG, the engineer can methodically test various chunking strategies to identify which one yields the highest performance. This ensures that the chunking method provides the most relevant information when embedding and retrieving data from the vector store.
Strategy E: LLM-as-a-Judge Metric
* Use the LLM as an evaluator: After retrieving chunks, the LLM can be used to evaluate the quality of answers based on the chunks provided. This could be framed as a "judge" function, where the LLM compares how well a given chunk answers previous user queries.
* Optimize based on the LLM's judgment: By having the LLM assess previous answers and rate their relevance and accuracy, the engineer can collect feedback on how well different chunking configurations perform in real-world scenarios.
* This metric could be a qualitative judgment on how closely the retrieved information matches the user's intent.
* Tune chunking parameters: Based on the LLM's judgment, the engineer can adjust the chunk size or structure to better align with the LLM's responses, optimizing retrieval for future queries.
By combining these two approaches, the engineer ensures that the chunking strategy is systematically evaluated using both quantitative (recall/NDCG) and qualitative (LLM judgment) methods. This balanced optimization process results in improved retrieval relevance and, consequently, better response generation by the LLM.

NEW QUESTION # 16
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